al-1, ol-

    al-1, ol-

    English meaning: “besides; other”

    Deutsche Übersetzung: Pron.-stem “darũber hinaus”

    Note: Root al-1, ol- : “besides; other” derived from Root alü : interjectIon.

    Material: Lat. uls “ beyond “, *ulter, -tra, -trum “ ulterior, situated beyond “ (ultrō, ultra), compounds ulterior, Sup. ultimus = Osc. últiumam “ the utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, loWest, meanest “; Maybe Alb. ultë, ulët “low”, ul “to low, sit below” : Lat. ulterior -ius “compar. as from ulter, farther, more distant, more advanced, more remote”. aLat. ollus “ that, that yonder, that one; emphatically, that well-known; in contrast with hic, the former, (sometimes the latter)” (*ol-no-s, compare below Ir. ind-oll and Slav. *olnī), newer olle, ollī “then, next”, ollīc “ he, she, that, in that place, yonder, there “; lengthened grade ōlim “in the distant past, once” (probably after im, exim reshaped and with O.Ind. parüri “ third-last year “ [compare πέρ-υσι] to be equated *ōli, loc. adverb, also the glosses olitana “the aged, old, ancient, of long standing “, olitinata “ old, inveterate, ancient, former, of old times “ can reject - ō or ŏ? - ), Umbr. ulo, ulu “ that, that yonder, that one; emphatically, that well-known; in contrast with hic, the former, he, she, it yonder, that “; influenced by is, iste etc. the cognates ollus, olle would be uncolored to ille “that, that yonder, that one; emphatically, that well-known; in contrast with hic, the former, (sometimes the latter)”. Slav. *olnī (IE *oln-ei) = O.C.S. lani, Cz. loni, Pol. loni “ in the last summer, last year “ (“ that year “, compare Lat. ollī “at that time, then”). The meaning from Ir. alltar, allaid (see below) also allows that the relationship of O.Ind. áraṇa- “ far, strange “ (= Av. auruna- “wild”?), árüd “from a distance”, ürḗ “ far “ seems possible. Moreover also maybe O.Ind. arí “ of strangers, stranger “, ar(i)yá- “ suitable, proper to the stranger “ (compare O.H.G. eli-lenti “ foreign land “), then Subst. “ hospitable, lord, master, ruler, man “, in addition ǘr(i)ya- “ to ar(i)yá- , suitable, hospitable “, hence, VN “ Arier = Aryan”, üryaka- “ venerable man “, aryamáṇ- n. “ Hospitality “, m. “ Guest’s friend “; maybe Arrianes Illyr. TN. Av. airyō (= ürya), O.Pers. üriya (= ariya), “ Aryan “, Av. airyaman “ guest, friend “, Pers. ērmün “ guest “, in addition sarmat. VN ᾽Αλανοί (Osset. *alan), Osset. ir “Ossete”, iron “Ossetic” “ Ossetic “ (P. Thieme*), the stranger in the Rigveda, fig. f. d. client d. Morgenl. XXIII 2, 1938; Specht KZ. 68, 42 ff.); O.Ir. aire (*arios) and airech “ nobleman, of noble people, suitor “ can belong to preposition air- “ in front of “, thus “ standing in the first place “, (Thurneysen ZCP. 20, 354); mythical Ir. ancestor Е́remón is scholar neologism to Ériu “ Ireland “. see under ari̯o- “ lord, god, master “.

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    *) Thus Thieme (aaO. 159 f.) properly puts here reinforcing prefix Gk. ἐρι-( reduced grade ἀρι-), e.g. ἀρί-γνωτος “ easily (the stranger) recognizable “, O.Ind. arí- etc surely must lead back to IE *er- . Thieme puts further here O.Ind. sūrí - “ master, ruler, lord” as su-ri- “ hospitable “ and ri-śǘdas “ worry for sustaining the stranger “.

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    O.Ir. oll adj. “ honorable, large, extensive “, actually “ above (the ordinary) going out “ (formally = Lat. ollus, IE *olnos), compounds (h)uilliu “ farther, more “, adv. ind-oll “ ultra, extreme “, from which maybe also innonn, innunn “ over, beyond “ (with assimilation in collaboration with inonn “ the same, identical”; Thurneysen KZ. 43, 55 f.; Pedersen KG. II 195), ol-chen(a)e “ in addition, but “, actually “ on the other side (and) therefrom on this side “; ol-foirbthe “ pluperfect, past perfect “, oldüu, oldaas “ when I, when he “, actually “ about (the) outside, what I am, what he is “, inaill “ certain, sure “, actually “ situated on the other side “ (of it inoillus “ confidence, security”; inuilligud “protection, safety”; with ol(l) “ ultra, beyond “ maybe corresponds ol “ says “ as “ ultra, beyond, further “, originally in the report in a continuous speech). The conjunction ol “ because, sice “ keeps Thurneysen Grammar 559 against it for related with Welsh ol “ footprint “. Besides with a: O.Ir. al (with acc.) “ on the other side, over - beyond “ (simplification from *all in the pretone), adv. tall (*to-al-nü) “ on the other side, there “, anall “ from on the other side, from there, over here “, with suffixed Pron. of the 3rd person all, allae, newer alla “ beyond, on the other side “ (proves original dissyllabic old formation also of the prepositional form is not provided with pronominal suffix, see Thurneysen KZ. 48, 55 f., thus not from without ending IE *ol or *al);

    Derivatives: alltar “ the world of the dead, the other world, hereafter “, also from “ to savage areas situated on the other side “, alltarach “ otherworld, ulterior, thithertho “. Gaul. alla “ another, other, different “, allos ‘second” (Thurneysen ZCP. 16, 299), VN Allobroges = M.Welsh all-fro “ exiled, ostracized, banished” (to bro “land”), all-tud “ foreigner “, O.Welsh allann, nWelsh allan “ outdoors, outside “; O.Ir. all-slige “ the second cutting out “. Goth. alls, O.Ice. allr, O.E. eall, O.H.G. all “all”, besides in the compound Gmc. ala- (without -no-suffix) in aGmc. matron’s names Ala-teivia, Ala-gabiae etc, Goth. ala-mans “ all people, humanity “, O.H.G. ala-würi “ totally true “ (Ger. albern); compare O.Ir. oll-athair (epithet of Ir. God’s father Dagdae “ the good God “) = O.N. al-fǫðr (epithet of Odin), “ all father “. Lat. alers, allers “ taught; learned, instructed, well-informed; experienced, clever, shrewd, skilful “ according to Landgraf ALL . 9, 362, Ernout É l . dial. Lat. 104 from *ad-ers, *allers (contrast to iners). From an adverb *ali “ there, in a specific place, in each case “ (differently Debrunner REtIE. 3, 10 f.) have derived: ali̯os “ other “: Arm. ail “ other “; Gk. ἄλλος “other” (Cypr. αἴλος), n. ἄλλο, compare ἀλλοδ-απός “ from elsewhere, from another place, strange “ (= Lat. aliud, forms as in Lat. longinquus “far removed, far off, remote, distant”), in addition ἀλλήλων etc “ each other”, ἀλλάττω “ makes different, changes “, ἀλλαγή “ variation, change, exchange, trade “: ἀλλότριος “ becoming another, strange “, from O.Ind. anyátra ‘somewhere else” corresponding adverb; Maybe zero grade in Alb. (*nyátra) tjetër “other” [common Alb. n > nt > t phonetic mutation] : O.Ind. anyátra ‘somewhere else”. Lat. alius = Osc. allo “other things”, n. aliud = Gk. ἄλλο, in addition from the adverb ali: aliēnus ‘strange” (from *ali-i̯es-nos), ali-quis, ali-cubi etc; Comparative alter, -era, -erum “ one from two “ = Osc. alttram “alteram” (from *aliteros-), by Plautus also altro-; in altrinsecus, altrōvorsum the syncope is caused by the length of the whole word; here also alterüre, adulter, alternus, altercüri ; Gaul. alios (Loth RC. 41, 35), O.Ir. aile (*ali̯os), n. aill (from adverbial all from *al-nü; paLat. l comes from aile), Welsh ail, Bret. eil (from *eliũs, Comparative *alii̯ōs), doubled O.Ir. alaile, araile, n. alaill, araill, M.Welsh etc arall, pl. ereill (ll from the adverb all); Goth. aljis “other”, but only in compositions, as O.S. eli-lendi n. “ foreign land “, O.H.G. eli-lenti ds. = Ger. “ woefulness “, Goth. alja-leikō “ other, different “, O.Ice. elligar, ellar, O.E. ellicor, elcor “ other, otherwise, “, O.H.G. elichōr “ further “, and in adverbs, like O.E. elles, Eng. else “ other, different “, O.N. alla “ otherwise “ etc.; a comparative formation *alira is O.E. elra “ other “; Toch. A ülya-kǝ, В alye-kǝ “ἄλλος τις” (*ali̯e-kǝ, Pedersen Groupement 26, Tocharisch 117); unclear is the absence of palatalization in A ü̆lakǝ “ other “, ülamǝ “ each other”, В üläm “ somewhere else”, aletste ‘strangers”; E.Iran. etc hal-ci “ any (thing) available, etc “.

    References: WP. I 84 ff., WH. I 30, 32 f., Feist 33 b, 39 a, Schwyzer Gk. I 614. About the sound change from *ani̯os to *ali̯os see Debrunner REtIE. 3, 1 ff., about angebl. pejorative character of a see Specht KZ. 68, 52, Die alten Sprachen 5, 115.

    See also: About ani̯os s. under S. 37 (an2).